MEASURE 2
Name of the measure; source citation
STAI-T
Link to measure
https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/resources/Mental-Health-Test.pdf
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The STAI-T measures state and anxiety trait
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
Self-report assessment measures for state and anxiety trait with 20-item subscales
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Charles D. Spielberger, Richard L. Gorsuch, and Robert E. Lushene in 1964
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Van Wijk, C. H. (2014). The use of Spielberger’s State-Trait Personality Inventory (trait anxiety subscale) with naval subaquatic specialists. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 27, 959-966.
Irusen, H., Burger, H., Fernandez, P. W., Esterhuizen, T., Suliman, S., & Seedat, S. (2021). COVID-19 related anxiety in men with localized prostate cancer at tertiary hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Cancer Control, 28, 10732748211024239.
Irusen, H., Burger, H., Fernandez, P. W., Esterhuizen, T., Suliman, S., & Seedat, S. (2021). COVID-19 related anxiety in men with localized prostate cancer at tertiary hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Cancer Control, 28, 10732748211024239.
Padmanabhanunni, A., Pretorius, T. B., & Khamisa, N. (2023). The role of resilience in the relationship between role stress and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC psychology, 11(1), 45.
Viljoen, M., Benecke, R. M., Martin, L., Adams, R. C., Seedat, S., & Smith, C. (2020). Anxiety: An overlooked confounder in the characterisation of chronic stress-related conditions?. PLoS One, 15(4), e0230053.
Irusen, H., Fernandez, P., Van der Merwe, A., Suliman, S., Esterhuizen, T., Lazarus, J., ... & Seedat, S. (2022). Depression, anxiety, and their association to health-related quality of life in men commencing prostate cancer treatment at tertiary hospitals in cape town, South Africa. Cancer Control, 29, 10732748221125561.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Cape Town, South Africa
South Africa
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
not adapted.
MEASURE 3
Name of the measure; source citation
BAI
Link to measure
https://res.cloudinary.com/dpmykpsih/image/upload/great-plains-health-site-358/media/1087/anxiety.pdf
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The BAI is used to assess anxiety in adolescents and adults
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
Self-report measure of anxiety with 21 items
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Kuo, C., Cluver, L., Casale, M., & Lane, T. (2014). Cumulative effects of HIV illness and caring for children orphaned by AIDS on anxiety symptoms among adults caring for children in HIV-endemic South Africa. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 28(6), 318-326.
Saal, W. L., Kagee, A., & Bantjes, J. (2019). Evaluation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in predicting generalised anxiety disorder among individuals seeking HIV testing in the Western Cape province, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 25(1), 1-5.
Nel, A., & Kagee, A. (2013). The relationship between depression, anxiety and medication adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. AIDS care, 25(8), 948-955.
Knoetze, R., Lachman, A., Moxley, K., & Chetty, S. (2020). Caregiver anxiety and the association with acute postoperative pain in children undergoing elective ambulatory surgery in a lower‐middle‐income country setting. Pediatric Anesthesia, 30(9), 990-997.
Kagee, A., Saal, W., & Bantjes, J. (2018). The relationship between symptoms of common mental disorders and drug and alcohol misuse among persons seeking an HIV test. AIDS care, 30(2), 219-223.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Western Cape, South Africa
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Validated 500 HIV-positive South Africans
MEASURE 4
Name of the measure; source citation
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) measures
Link to measure
https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/gad-2
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The GAD-2 is used to assess the severity of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
Two-item self-report assessment tool with 0-6 scores on the scale.
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Van Heyningen, T., Honikman, S., Tomlinson, M., Field, S., & Myer, L. (2018). Comparison of mental health screening tools for detecting antenatal depression and anxiety disorders in South African women. PloS one, 13(4), e0193697. (Cant access pfd)
Bhardwaj, A., Comins, C. A., Guddera, V., Mcingana, M., Young, K., Phetlhu, R., ... & Schwartz, S. (2023). Prevalence of depression, syndemic factors and their impact on viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa. BMC women´s health, 23(1), 232.
Webb, E. L., Dietrich, J. J., Ssemata, A. S., Nematadzira, T. G., Hornschuh, S., Kakande, A., . & CHAPS Study Team. (2022). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress and associations with sexual behaviour and PrEP preferences among young people in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. BMC infectious diseases, 22(1), 466.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Urban, South Africa
eThekwini
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Not adapted
MEASURE 5
Name of the measure; source citation
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) item tool
Link to measure
https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/gad-7
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The GAD-7 is used to assess the severity of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
seven-item self-report screening tool assessing the severity of an individual’s anxiety symptoms with responses scored from 0 to 3 on scale
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of internal medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Bezuidenhout, D. (2018). Validation of the general anxiety disorder-7 in a non-clinical sample of South African employees. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
Byansi, W., Galvin, M., Chiwaye, L., Luvuno, Z., Kim, A. W., Sundararajan, R., ... & Moolla, A. (2023). Adverse childhood experiences, traumatic events, and mental health among adults at two outpatient psychiatric facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 581.
Hain, S., Tomita, A., Milligan, P., & Chiliza, B. (2021). Retain rural doctors: Burnout, depression and anxiety in medical doctors working in rural KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 111(12), 1197-1204.
Kigozi, G. (2021). Construct validity and reliability of the generalised anxiety disorder-7 scale in a sample of tuberculosis patients in the Free State Province, South Africa. Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 36(1).
Marlow, M., Skeen, S., Grieve, C. M., Carvajal-Velez, L., Åhs, J. W., Kohrt, B. A., ... & Tomlinson, M. (2023). Detecting depression and anxiety among adolescents in South Africa: validity of the isiXhosa patient health Questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety Disorder-7. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72(1), S52-S60.
Mkhize, M., van der Westhuizen, C., & Sorsdahl, K. (2024). Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among young school-going adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 152469.
Pool, M., Sorsdahl, K., Myers, B., & van der Westhuizen, C. (2024). The prevalence of and factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in South Africa. Plos one, 19(3), e0299584.
Rane, M. S., Hong, T., Govere, S., Thulare, H., Moosa, M. Y., Celum, C., & Drain, P. K. (2018). Depression and anxiety as risk factors for delayed care-seeking behavior in human immunodeficiency virus–infected individuals in South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 67(9), 1411-1418.
Rochat, T. J., Houle, B., Stein, A., Mitchell, J., & Bland, R. M. (2019). Maternal alcohol use and children’s emotional and cognitive outcomes in rural South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 109(7), 526-534.
Saal, W. L., Kagee, A., & Bantjes, J. (2019). Evaluation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in predicting generalised anxiety disorder among individuals seeking HIV testing in the Western Cape province, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 25(1), 1-5.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Umlazi, South Africa
Western Cape, South Africa
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Culturally adapted and translated into isiXhosa
Marlow, M., Skeen, S., Grieve, C. M., Carvajal-Velez, L., Åhs, J. W., Kohrt, B. A., ... & Tomlinson, M. (2023). Detecting depression and anxiety among adolescents in South Africa: validity of the isiXhosa patient health Questionnaire-9 and generalized anxiety Disorder-7. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72(1), S52-S60.
MEASURE 6
Name of the measure; source citation
Children’s manifest anxiety scale – revised
Link to measure
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ft00514-000
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The measure is used to assess anxiety in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
Self-report questionnaire with 28 items
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Reynolds, C., & Richmond, B. O. (1985). Revised children´s manifest anxiety scale. Psychological Assessment.
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Boyes, M. E., & Cluver, L. D. (2013). Performance of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale in a sample of children and adolescents from poor urban communities in Cape Town. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
Buckley, J., Otwombe, K., Joyce, C., Leshabane, G., Galvin, L., Ramsammy, C., ... & Violari, A. (2022). Impact of disclosure over time on the emotional well-being of children with perinatally acquired HIV infection in South Africa. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 43(3), e188-e196.
Swain, K. D., Pillay, B. J., & Kliewer, W. (2017). Traumatic stress and psychological functioning in a South African adolescent community sample. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 23.
West, N., Schwartz, S., Mudavanhu, M., Hanrahan, C., France, H., Nel, J., ... & Van Rie, A. (2019). Mental health in South African adolescents living with HIV. AIDS care, 31(1), 117-124. (No access)
Visser, M. J., Hecker, H. E., & Jordaan, J. (2018). A comparative study of the psychological problems of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in a South African sample. AIDS care, 30(5), 596-603.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
South Africa
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Not adapted
MEASURE 7
Name of the measure; source citation
HADS
Link to measure
https://www.svri.org/sites/default/files/attachments/2016-01-13/HADS.pdf
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The HADS is used for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self-report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
self-assessment scale, with 14 questions: seven11 related to depression (HADS-D) and seven related to anxiety (HADS-A).
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/J.1600-0447.1983.Tb09716.X
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Free State, South Africa, Cape Town, Johannesburg
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Not adapted
MEASURE 8
Name of the measure; source citation
Children manifest anxiety scale
Link to measure
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00919131
Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
Children´s manifest Anxiety scale is used to assess manifest anxiety In children
Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
Self-report questionnaire with 37-seven items
Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1126201
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Visser, M. J., Hecker, H. E., & Jordaan, J. (2018). A comparative study of the psychological problems of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in a South African sample. AIDS care, 30(5), 596-603.
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Kalafong Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa
Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
not adapted