.:SACERTIMB:.

Substance Use Disorders

Domain subtype 1
Alcohol use
Name of the measure; source citation
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); Saunders et al., (1993)
Link to measure
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6357a7af8fa8f557d85b7c44/Alcohol-use-disorders-identification-test-AUDIT_for-print.pdf

Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
screens for frequency of alcohol use and covers the domains of alcohol consumption, drinking behaviour, and alcohol-related problems

Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self-administered/parent child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self-report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
self administered tool with 10-items

Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)

Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., De la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption‐II. Addiction, 88(6), 791-804.

Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
"Amanuel, H., Morojele, N., & London, L. (2017). The Health and Social Impacts of Easy Access to Alcohol and Exposure to Alcohol Advertisements Among Women of Childbearing Age in Urban and Rural South Africa. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 79(2), 302-308. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.302
Anic, A., & Robertson, L. J. (2020). Prevalence and clinical correlates of substance use amongst acute psychiatric inpatients in Gauteng, South Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr, 26, 1526. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1526
Bantjes, J., Morojele, N. K., Myers, B., Swanevelder, S., & Parry, C. (2024). Does Reducing Alcohol Use Among People with HIV Alleviate Psychological Distress and Symptoms of Depression? A Randomized Controlled Trial in Tshwane, South Africa. AIDS Behav, 28(3), 985-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04205-x
Choi, K. W., Abler, L. A., Watt, M. H., Eaton, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Skinner, D., Pieterse, D., & Sikkema, K. J. (2014). Drinking before and after pregnancy recognition among South African women: the moderating role of traumatic experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14, 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-97
Egbe, C. O., Londani, M., Parry, C. D. H., Myers, B., Shuper, P. A., Nkosi, S., & Morojele, N. K. (2019). Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1684. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8047-8
Horváth, Z., Nagy, L., Koós, M., Kraus, S. W., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., Ballester-Arnal, R., Batthyány, D., Bergeron, S., Billieux, J., Briken, P., Burkauskas, J., Cárdenas-López, G., Carvalho, J., Castro-Calvo, J., Chen, L., Ciocca, G., Corazza, O., Csako, R., . . . Bőthe, B. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS). Compr Psychiatry, 127, 152427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152427
Kalberg, W. O., Marais, A. S., De Vries, M. M., Laurel, M., Taylor, K., Hasken, J. M., Tabachnick, B. G., Buckley, D., Ortega, M. A., Seedat, S., & May, P. A. (2023). Relationship-based intervention for children who were prenatally alcohol exposed in South Africa. Res Dev Disabil, 136, 104479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104479
Machisa, M. T., Christofides, N., & Jewkes, R. (2017). Mental ill health in structural pathways to women´s experiences of intimate partner violence. PLoS One, 12(4), e0175240. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175240
Maserumule, O. M., Skaal, L., & Sithole, S. L. (2019). Alcohol use among high school learners in rural areas of Limpopo province. S Afr J Psychiatr, 25(0), 1183. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1183
Murray, C., Kidd, M., Moxley, K., & Jordaan, G. P. (2020). Self-Induced Vomiting and Other Impulsive Behaviors in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study. J Dual Diagn, 16(4), 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2020.1802541
Myer, L., Smit, J., Roux, L. L., Parker, S., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2008). Common mental disorders among HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 22(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0102
Myers, B., Lombard, C. J., Lund, C., Joska, J. A., Levitt, N., Naledi, T., Petersen Williams, P., van der Westhuizen, C., Cuijpers, P., Stein, D. J., & Sorsdahl, K. R. (2022). Comparing dedicated and designated approaches to integrating task-shared psychological interventions into chronic disease care in South Africa: a three-arm, cluster randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet, 400(10360), 1321-1333. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01641-5
Ndungu, J., Washington, L., Willan, S., Ramsoomar, L., Ngcobo-Sithole, M., & Gibbs, A. (2020). Risk factors for alcohol and drug misuse amongst young women in informal settlements in Durban, South Africa. Glob Public Health, 15(9), 1322-1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1775866
Nöthling, J., Martin, C. L., Laughton, B., Cotton, M. F., & Seedat, S. (2013). Maternal post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and alcohol dependence and child behaviour outcomes in mother-child dyads infected with HIV: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open, 3(12), e003638. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003638
Ojo, O. A., Louwagie, G., Morojele, N., Rendall-Mkosi, K., London, L., Olorunju, S., & Davids, A. (2010). Factors associated with female high-risk drinking in a rural and an urban South African site. S Afr Med J, 100(3), 180-182. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.3767
Parry, C. D. H., Myers, B., Londani, M., Shuper, P. A., Janse van Rensburg, C., Manda, S. O. M., Nkosi, S., Kekwaletswe, C. T., Hahn, J. A., Rehm, J., Sorsdahl, K., & Morojele, N. K. (2023). Motivational interviewing and problem-solving therapy intervention for patients on antiretroviral therapy for HIV in Tshwane, South Africa: A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact on alcohol consumption. Addiction, 118(11), 2164-2176. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16278
Parry, C. D., Kekwaletswe, C., Shuper, P. A., Nkosi, S., Myers, B. J., & Morojele, N. K. (2016). Heavy alcohol use in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: What responses are needed? S Afr Med J, 106(6), 43-44. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i6.10639
Pasche, S. C., Garner, M., Baldwin, D. S., & Sinclair, J. M. (2013). ""Craving"": exploring the components of the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) and the relation to the severity of alcohol problems. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 74(6), 950-955. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2013.74.950
Petersen, I., Rathod, S., Kathree, T., Selohilwe, O., & Bhana, A. (2019). Risk correlates for physical-mental multimorbidities in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 28(4), 418-426. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000737
Simbayi, L. C., Kalichman, S. C., Cain, D., Cherry, C., Jooste, S., & Mathiti, V. (2006). Alcohol and risks for HIV/AIDS among sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. Subst Abus, 27(4), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1300/j465v27n04_05
Taylor, M., Knox, J., Chhagan, M. K., Kauchali, S., Kvalsvig, J., Mellins, C. A., Arpadi, S. M., Craib, M. H., & Davidson, L. L. (2016). Screening Caregivers of Children for Risky Drinking in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Matern Child Health J, 20(11), 2392-2401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2066-1
van Zyl, P., Botha, J., van Wyk, M., Breytenbach, J., Nel, C., van Niekerk, M., & Breytenbach, W. (2015). Hazardous, harmful and dependent drinking in hostel-dwelling students at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein: a cross-sectional study. J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 27(2), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2015.1084310
Vythilingum, B., Roos, A., Faure, S. C., Geerts, L., & Stein, D. J. (2012). Risk factors for substance use in pregnant women in South Africa. S Afr Med J, 102(11 Pt 1), 851-854. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.5019
Young, C., & Mayson, T. (2010). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Scale (AUDIT) normative scores for a multiracial sample of Rhodes University residence students. J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 22(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2010.493659

Simbayi, L. C., Kalichman, S. C., Jooste, S., Mathiti, V., Cain, D., & Cherry, C. (2004). Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV infection among men and women receiving sexually transmitted infection clinic services in Cape Town, South Africa. J Stud Alcohol, 65(4), 434-442. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2004.65.434
Morojele, N. K., Nkosi, S., Kekwaletswe, C. T., Shuper, P. A., Manda, S. O., Myers, B., & Parry, C. D. (2017). Utility of Brief Versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to Identify Excessive Drinking Among Patients in HIV Care in South Africa. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 78(1), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2017.78.88
Mgweba-Bewana, L., Belus, J. M., Ipser, J., Magidson, J. F., & Joska, J. A. (2021). Examining the association of alcohol use and psychotropic medication adherence among women with severe mental illness in South Africa. Psychiatry Res, 304, 114127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114127
Adams, S., Savahl, S., Carels, C., Isaacs, S., Brown, Q., Malinga, M., ... & Zozulya, M. (2014). Alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour amongst young adults in a low-income community in Cape Town. Journal of Substance Use, 19(1-2), 118-124."
Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity
Tshwane, Gauteng. KwaZulu Natal
Limpopo South Africa;

Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
translated into all 11 official SA languages

Domain subtype 2

Drug and Alcohol
Name of the measure; source citation
CAGE
Link to measure
https://osagebeachccd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Cage-Substance-Abuse-Tool-.pdf

Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems (alcoholism).

Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Van Wijk, C. H., Martin, J. H., & Maree, D. J. (2021). Clinical validation of brief mental health scales for use in South African occupational healthcare. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 47(1), 1-17.

Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Haas, A. D., Technau, K. G., Pahad, S., Braithwaite, K., Madzivhandila, M., Sorour, G., ... & IeDEA Southern Africa Collaboration. (2020). Mental health, substance use and viral suppression in adolescents receiving ART at a paediatric HIV clinic in South Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 23(12), e25644.

Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Clinic, South Africa

Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs [CAGE-AID]).

Domain subtype 3
Drug Use
Name of the measure; source citation
DUDIT

3rd level drop-down: copy all the information below
Link to measure
file:///C:/Users/33164835/Downloads/DUDIT-English-version.pdf

Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
Used to assess drug-related problems used on adults 18 years and older

Description of the measure: number of items etc (is it a screening tool, self-administered/parent-child tool (face to face, observation), Administration, self-report/child or adult, type of tool (screening/diagnostic)
an 11-item self-administered screening instrument for drug-related problems

Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., De la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption‐II. Addiction, 88(6), 791-804.
Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Kagee, A., Saal, W., & Bantjes, J. (2018). The relationship between symptoms of common mental disorders and drug and alcohol misuse among persons seeking an HIV test. AIDS care, 30(2), 219-223.

Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Clinic, South Africa

Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Not adapted/validated

Domain subtype 4
Name of the measure; source citation
CD-RISC
Link to measure
file:///C:/Users/33164835/Downloads/3508638.f1.pdf

Purpose of the measure/target population (from source citation)
The Connor-Davidson Resilience measure is a self-rated assessment of stress coping ability. The scale was developed based on concepts of hardiness, adaptation, and stress endurance and validated in diverse samples.

Psychometric information - validity and reliability (Provide Links to original source)
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.

Studies that have used the measure (citation, publications) Key papers specific to SA
Connell, M. A., Omole, O., Subramaney, U., & Olorunju, S. (2013). Post traumatic stress disorder and resilience in veterans who served in the South African border war. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg), 16(6). https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v16i6.55
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v16i6.55
Irusen, H., Burger, H., Fernandez, P. W., Esterhuizen, T., Suliman, S., & Seedat, S. (2021). COVID-19 Related Anxiety in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer at Tertiary Hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Cancer Control, 28, 10732748211024239. https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748211024239
Padmanabhanunni, A., & Pretorius, T. (2023). The Resilience of South African School Teachers in the Time of COVID-19: Coping with Risk of Infection, Loneliness, and Anxiety. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043462
Padmanabhanunni, A., Pretorius, T. B., Bouchard, J. P., & Stiegler, N. (2023). Facing Your Fear of COVID-19: Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Burnout in South African Teachers. Ann Med Psychol (Paris), 181(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2022.05.001
Pretorius, T. B., & Padmanabhanunni, A. (2022). Validation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 in South Africa: Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 15, 1235-1245. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S365112
Sayed, T., Malan, H., & Fourie, E. (2024). Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19. Front Psychol, 15, 1323466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323466
Crombie, K. E., Crombie, K. D., Salie, M., & Seedat, S. (2024). Medical Students´ Experiences of Mistreatment by Clinicians and Academics at a South African University. Teach Learn Med, 36(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2023.2167207
Jørgensen, I. E., & Seedat, S. (2008). Factor structure of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale in South African adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health, 20(1), 23-32.
Kuo, C., LoVette, A., Slingers, N., & Mathews, C. (2022). Predictors of Resilience Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence in South Africa. J Interpers Violence, 37(15-16), Np13425-np13445. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005158
van den Heuvel, L. L., Acker, D., du Plessis, S., Stalder, T., Suliman, S., Thorne, M. Y., Kirschbaum, C., & Seedat, S. (2020). Hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress and resilience in South African mixed ancestry females. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113, 104543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104543

Context (Country) - setting (national/regional, local, urban/rural ethnicity)
Adolescents, intimate partners. South Africa

Adapted, including validation studies in South Africa, including translation
Not adapted

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